Clinical Manual of Contact Lenses 5th Edition. Contact Lens Complications 4th Edition. Fundamentals and Eye Optics: Volume 1. By Pablo Artal (Editor) $15.00. Contact lens manual: a comprehensive study and reference guide Volume 1. Call Number: Reserves. Contact Lens Manual Volume 1 If searching for the ebook Contact lens manual volume 1 in pdf form, then you've come to the loyal website. We furnish full variation of this book in DjVu, ePub, PDF, doc, txt forms. You may reading Contact lens manual volume 1 online either download. The Contact Lens Manual continues to meet the needs of a new generation of optometrists dispensing opticians contact lens practitioners and students who require clear and reliable information for fitting a complete range of contact lenses. The fourth edition of this best-selling classic now in full colour throughout provides the most up-to-date guidance in all aspects of today’s lenses in a.
  1. Contact Lens Manual Vol 1
  2. Contact Lens Manual Volume 1
  3. Precision 1 Contact Lens
  4. Contact Lens Manual Volume 1 Pdf Free
  5. Contact Lens Manual Volume 1 Pdf Free

A technical overview of the development,manufacturing, and future of contact lenses

Justin Bergin
CE435
Introduction to Polymers
Department of Chemical Engineering
State University of New York at Buffalo
April 6, 2000
Abstract
Contact lenses are a modern technological breakthrough yet they have been in development for over 500 years.While the most important advances have come in the latter half of the 1900’s, this area of science is still undergoing tremendous growth.Chemical engineer’s are critical for the development and manufacturing of the contact lens of the future.This paper will attempt to give a brief overview of contact lenses.It will discuss the history, manufacturing, and science behind modern contact lenses.The paper will conclude by showing some of the tradeoffs of contact use, for no invention is without its drawbacks.
The History of Contact lenses
This first concepts of contact lenses were developed by Leonardo DaVinci in the year 1508.He drew sketches and depicted several forms of possible lenses.In 1632, Rene Descartes suggested the idea of the corneal contact lens, and in 1827 Sir John F. W. Herschel suggested that a glass lens could protect the eye from infection.1 These ideas were taken advantage of in the late 1800’s by Adolph Fick, Eugene Kale, and August Miller.Working independently, these scientists created the first corneoscleral shell contact lenses.1,2,3The lenses consisted of blown glass, and were molded from rabbit and cadaver eyes.These glass lenses were relatively successful at protecting the eye from infected eyelids, and they showed promise at correcting vision as well.Initial lens designs covered the whole eye, including the white portion.While visual correction was attained to a certain degree, they were hard to make and very uncomfortable.Often times it took patients several months to be fitted correctly.The lenses were also very thick and heavy.The thickness gave the eye and unnatural appearance, and the pressure from the weight of the lenses caused discomfort and damage to the eye.1It was reported that in some cases the lenses was so painful, that cocaine anesthetic was used.2
The next major development occurred in the year 1936 when William Feinbloom, an American Optometrist, fabricated the first plastic contact lens.In 1948, Kevin Tuohey then designed the first designed the first corneal contact lens from poly (methyl methacrylate) also known as PMMA.This went on to become what is known as the hard contact lens.Hard Contact lenses became available commercially in 1979.These lens designs worked well and improved models of them are still sold today. 2
During this time Otto Wichterle discovered poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate), (HEMA), and in 1961 he created the worlds first soft lens. HEMA is a hydrogel that could be made into contacts using a simply and efficient spin cast method.Since different corrections could be made by simple varying the spin rate and mould optic, this became a very efficient method for manufacturing lenses.Bausch & Lomb eventually attained the patients, and the FDA gave approved for HEMA based contact lenses to be used for daily wear in 1971.While HEMA was discovered after PMMA, it was the first contact lens to be approved by the FDA. 1, 2
In the years since polymers introduction, contact lens technology has been increasing at a rapid rate.There have been improvements in manufacturing techniques, as well as an increase in the type of polymer used in the lens.Manufacturing techniques moved from the lenses being hand made and polished, to modern day lathes where the lenses are cut with lasers to computer precision.While all contact lenses consist of amorphous chain linked polymers, the type of monomer used can significantly change the property of the lens.This push in technology was fueled by the desire for extended wear lenses, increased permeability, comfort, and biocompatibility.
How Contact Lenses Work
To understand the technological advances in the contact lens industry it becomes necessary to have an understanding of how contact lenses work, and their desired.A soft contact lens molds to the shape of the eye covering both the cornea and limbus.This is possible because the lens is soft and flexible.The lens floats in the layer of tear that is present on top of the eye.The eyelid and attraction between the polymer and tear film hold the lens in place.4
Hard contact lenses are not flexible, and this means that they must be ground to precisely fit the eye. They only cover the cornea, and not the limbus.If hard contacts are not fit precisely to the eye they will move and not work correctly.They are held in place by precise fitting and their attraction to the tear film. 4

Figure 1:How Contact Lenses Work

Picture courtesy of Scientific American @ http://www.sciam.com/2000/1000issue/1000working.html
Hard and soft contacts work similarly in that as light is refracted as it passes through the polymer.By varying the thickness and the shape of the lens the amount of refraction can be varied to produce different amounts of visual correction.
Why Do People Wear Contact Lenses
Contact lenses can be worn for multiple reasons.The majority of contact lens users wear them for vision to correct myopia, and some research has shown that contacts slow of the progression of myopia.In addition, contact lenses can also be worn to change the color of the eye for aesthetic reasons.The information in table one lists only a few of the conditions that favor contact lens use. 5

Table 1:Typical Reasons For Contact Lens Use5

What Makes a Good Contact Lens, and Biocompatibility
Several things must be considered when designing contact lenses, but perhaps the most important is biocompatibility.While several factors can affect a lenses biocompatibility, perhaps the most important is the wetability of the lens.Contact lenses are constantly in contact with the fluid of the eye. When the contact is placed in the eye, a layer of tear separated it from the eye.This is commonly known as the tear film.The human tear consists not only of water, but also of protein, lipids, sodium, calcium, bicarbonate, and enzymes. 6
If a polymer is hydrophobic it will repel the water that makes up a majority of the tear surface.This disrupts the tear flow, and results in the deposition of an albumin film on the lens.This reduces the effectiveness of the contact, and can cause infection and/or irritation.14This is due to the contact lens hindering the tear film that covers the eye. Therefore, if a contact lens surface is highly hydrophobic it must treated to be made hydrophilic.Doping the polymer or treating the surface of the polymer can do this change in the morphology of the surface. 2
Wetability is not the only reason for deposits on contact lenses.Most contact lenses consist of monomers and cross-link materials that have charges on the monomers.This charge distribution results in the attraction of proteins.This is because proteins also have charge distributions, and they attract one another.Protein or lipid depositions create a biofilm in the lens.This can result in the lens losing its ocular properties, and the turns turning a yellow color. The yellow color is a result of lens spoilage, a result of the diffusion of proteins and lipid into the lens. The push for extended wear lenses is limited by the lenses biocompatibility. 2, 7, 8For extended wear, the contact lens must be highly hydrophilic and must resist the deposition of a biofilm on the lens.
While the surface must resist the formation of a biofilm it must also be semi-permeable.The human eye does not receive adequate blood flow to supply the eye with enough oxygen, or to remove enough carbon dioxide.The eye relies on its exposure to the air for aid.If the contact lens does not provide adequate permeability, the eye suffers serious health effects. 2, 9,10, 11,12, 13This permeability, DK, is typically measured in units of Barrers (10-10 cm3 O2 (STP) cm/cm2s cmHg).24Where D is the diffusion coefficient, and K is the solubility coefficient.14 For a contact lens to be acceptable for extended wear they must have a DK of 100 Barrers. 2, 24The actual amount of oxygen reaching the cornea is called the oxygen transmissibility.This is in terns of DK/L, where L is the thickness of the lens.It can be seem that the amount of oxygen reaching the eye is inversely proportional to the lens thickness, L.14
While the polymer that makes up the lens is important it is also important, for it to be produced in a way so that there is no contamination to the eye.This means not only that that polymer itself is capable of being in contact with the eye, but also that it can be produced in a way so that any residual monomer or solution does not pose a health risk.It is important to test the monomers for biocompatibility, and to assure that the monomers used in the lens are highly pure.
In addition to the biochemistry of the lens, it must also be physically acceptable.A big requirement of the lens is that it must be lightweight.This allows it to be placed on the eye comfortably for extended periods of time without causing ocular strain.This is difficult because the lens must also be strong to avoid tearing and/or scratching, have a reasonably high modulus of elasticity for ease of handling, and yet still soft and flexible enough to feel comfortable on the eye.
The size and specific gravity of the lens also become important factors for eye comfort.If the lens is too thick it will interfere with the eyelid and cause discomfort.If the specific weight of the lens is significantly different from that of tears the lens will have a tendency to move up or down.This makes the lens unstable on the cornea, and makes fitting problematic. 14
Finally a good contact lens must be affordable.It has to be able to be made cheaply and efficiently so that it can be purchased at a reasonable cost.
Manufacturing of Contact Lenses
There are three primary ways in which contact lenses are manufactured.The first method of manufacturing is referred to at lathe cutting.In this method, the monomer is bulk polymerized into rods.The rods are then cut into buttons, which are placed in the lathe.The lathe is then guided by computer to cut the button into a lens.This method has a high yield, and moderate quality. 4

Figure 2: Schematic of Lathes

Picture courtesy of Scientific American @ http://www.sciam.com/2000/1000issue/1000working.html

Figure 3: Modern precision Lathes, and polishing machines for hard contacts

Pictures courtesy of C & H Contact Lens, Inc.@ Http://www.chcontacts.com/smrtmach.htm
The second method of forming contacts is referred to as spin casting.In this method, the liquid monomer is placed in a mold, the mold is then rotated. The monomer is then polymerized inside the rotating mold.This method produces a low yield, but high quality lenses.Spin Casting is good because the lens optics can be varied by simply varying the speed of rotation, and/or the shape of the mold. 14, 2

Figure 4: Spin Cast Mold

The final method for producing contacts is by cast molding.In this method the monomer is placed into a mold, the mold is then cast, and the monomer is polymerized.The lens parameters are varied by changing the shape of the anterior and posterior molds.This method produces high yield, and high quality lenses.It is the most popular form of manufacting.4

Figure 5: Cast Mold

Picture courtesy of Scientific American @ http://www.sciam.com/2000/1000issue/1000working.html

Hard Contact Lenses
Currently fifteen percent of the thirty million contact lens users wear what is known as hard contact lenses. 4 There are several kinds of hard contact lenses, the most historic being impermeable hard contact lens, and now the most common are the rigid gas permeable (RGP) lens, and silicone acrylate based lenses.All of these lenses consist of an amorphous three dimensional polymer matrix (typically a MMA derivative) that is below its glass transition temperature.The lenses are typically very stiff and have a high modulus of elasticity.This gives them a high tear strength, and makes them very easy to handle.4
The impermeable contact lens was the first type of hard contact to be developed.It consists of PMMA only.The MMA monomer is polymerized via ultra-violet or infrared radiation in the presence of cross-linkers and initiators.The lenses were then made by the lath cutting manufacturing process. 2
PMMA is an ideal polymer to be used for hard contact lenses because it is cheap and easy to make.It is moderately hydrophobic, which also contributes to it repelling proteins effectively.It has a typical oxygen permeability of 0.5 DK, which makes it effectively an impermeable membrane to oxygen and carbon dioxide.This impermeability is what restricts PMMA lenses from being used more then about 8 hours at a time.2, 23
This restriction has caused tremendous research in the area in hard contact lens permeability.It is possible to make theoretical calculations with respect to contact lenses by applying a modified version of Henry’s law, and Fick’s Law.The modified version of Henry’s law for polymers below their glass transition temperature can be simplified as followed:

C = KDp + CH(bp/1+ bp)

C = KDp + CHbp(bp << 1)

C = (KD + CHb)p

Contact Lens Manual Vol 1

C = K’Dp

Table 2: Units for Henry’s Law for Polymers Below Their Glass Transition Temperature15,16

Fick’s law for glassy polymers is given as:

N = -DD (dCD/dx) – DH (dCH/dx)

This can be simplified as follows:

N = -D’D(d/dx)(C D + CH)

N = -D’D (dC’/dx)

Table 3: Symbols used in Fick’s for Glassy Polymers15, 17

These equations yield results that are reasonable, and that are in good agreement when applied to hard contact lenses.To gain the necessary data however one must know the free volume fraction of the polymer. 15, 16, 17Diffusion is heavily dependent upon the free volume because it is a measure of the polymers porosity.One possible way of finding this is by positron annihilation spectroscopy.This paper will not discuss this in depth, but more can be found in the references. 15
Research in the 1970’s found that the impermeability of PMMA lenses could be overcome by copolymerizing MMA with silicone acrylate.A scientist by the name Norman Gaylord copolymerised methacryloxypropyl tris(trimethysiloxy silane), (TRIS),with MMA.The result was a polymer that had the strength of MMA, but also the oxygen permeability of silicone.Silicone is hydrophobic however, so the wetting agent methacrylic acid (MAA) was added to increase lens wetability.The PMMA-TRIS lens was the first RPG lens and was highly successful. Several lenses received FDA approval for daily wear, and are still used today. 2

Figure 5:Methacrylic Acid

PMMA-TRIS lenses were problematic because TRIS is hydrophobic, and lipophilic.In addition, the lenses still did not have the permeability’s required for extended wear.This caused many complications in the push to develop extended wear lenses, and increase biocompatibility.Looking for a solution, researchers began looking into doping MMA-TRIS lenses with Fluoromethacrylates. 23Recent research has shown that doping lenses with Fluoromethacrylates increases the free volume fraction. 2,15Increasing the free volume fraction is like adding lanes to the diffusion expressway.It gives oxygen and carbon dioxide more room to penetrate the lens.Thus, it efficiently increases the polymers permeability, hence increasing comfort and decreasing ocular strain. 15This increase in the polymers permeability along with varying the thickness of the lens created a RGP lenses that were approved for extended wear for up to seven days. 2
While hard contacts are not the most the most convenient they are very cost effective.They are polymerized in bulk, and then cut with a precision lathe.This allows them to be made very cheaply.In addition, their relative impermeability makes then very resistant to environment of the eye.They typically repel proteins and lipids very effectively.With proper maintenance the lenses can be used for several years.Hard lenses are also very durable, and their strength helps them resist scratching, and protect the cornea. 2
Soft Contact Lenses
The most popular type of contact lens is a soft lens.Soft contact lenses are made of thermo-set polymer hydrogels.Like hard contacts lens polymers, these gels are made up of a three dimensional, amorphous network with cross-links.The lenses are soft because the polymer is above its glass transition temperature.Soft contacts are typically formed using cast molding or the spin cast method.They can be produced by the lath cutting process, but this is less common.23
In soft contact lenses the water content affect many things. The permeability of the lens is proportional to the amount of water in the lens.As the percent weight of water increases in the lens, the permeability increases relatively linearly.The lenses ability to absorb various amounts of water also makes them highly hydrophilic. These attributes gives soft contact lenses the ability to achieve permeability’s that allows them to be used for extended wear without damage to the eye.The increased permeability does not come freely however.As the water content is increased the polymers loose their strength.This can lead to tearing or scratching of the lens.A softer lens also offers the cornea less protection. 2
The first hydrogel contacts consisted of HEMA that was cross-linked with either ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) or ethylene glycol monogethacrylate (EGDMA).Future models of hydrogel lenses added the surfactants, methacrylic acid (MAA) and N vinyl pyrollidone (NVP) to increase water content.MMA is undesirable however because it makes the polymer ionic, which attracts proteins. 2,8,18HEMA has also been substituted with such monomers as glycerol methacrylate (GMA) that shows a higher resistance biofilm formation.Typical HEMA/MAA soft contact lenses have oxygen permeabilties of about 15-25 Barrers.2, 23

Figure6:Ethylene glycol monogethacrylate

Figure 8:Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate, and N Vinyl Pyrollidone

Seeking to improve soft contact lens permeability scientist started to make hydrogels from silicone based polymers like polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)..The silicone hydrogel contact lens, also known as siloxane lenses, show impressive permeability (PDMS has a DK of 600 Barres), while retaining the comfort, wetability, and biofilm resistance of non-silicon based hydrogels.24 Unlike hydrogel lenses however, the oxygen permeability of silicone hydrogels decreases exponentially as water content increases.As discussed in hard contact lenses, silicone is hydrophobic, so the wetablity decreases as water content decreases. This led scientist to researching ways of making siloxane based lenses more wetable. 2, 19
The use of fluorine doped side chains has also become increasingly popular as a method to further increase permeability.When coupled with siloxane, fluorine can effectively increase the permeability while also effectively resisting lipid deposits.The challenge scientist encounter with fluorine is that it repels water.This leads them to cap fluorine chains with methacrylate with is less hydrophobic.25
The surface chemistry of soft contact lenses is of great importance.While the soft contact lenses typically have acceptable diffusion rates, all methacrylic and acrylic hydrogels are hydrophobic to a certain extent.In fact, it has been shown that while the water content of a hydrogel helps its permeability, it not little or nothing to affect its wetability.21In the case of siloxane lenses it is because the surfaces tend to consist of siloxane.Siloxane migrates to the surface of the lens during polymerization because of its desire of air.While siloxane is successful at repelling proteins, but it is highly hydrophobic which results in lipid and protein deposition on the lens.19Initial research attempted to blend hydrophobic silicone based monomers with hydrophilic monomers.These attempts were unsuccessful however because the difference in hydrophilicity would cause phase seperation. 2, 20 Recently with it has been shown that by grafting polyoxyethylene to the surface, the lens effectively repels protein and lipids, and increased wetability.Improved surfactants consisting of random copolymers of lauryl-, hexyl-, and methyl-methacrylate and polyethylene glycol methacrylate, have also shown a lot of promise.19The surfactants are bound to the surface during the actual making of the lens.The surfactant monomers are added to the contact lens monomers, and the surfactants moved to the surface during lens the creation of the lens because they have a higher desire for air then siloxane.Covalent bonds are then formed as the silicones of the gel matrix appear.19Currently silicone hydrogel lenses have DK’s have about 50-200 Barrers, however none of these lenses currently in commercially availble.2
Attempts to improve the wetability of soft contact lenses have also been make on the manufacturing side of processing.Research has shown that by polymerizing the contact in polar molds effectively increased the wetability of the lens.This is because the charge distribution on the mold attracts charges to the surface of the lens while it is forming.Once the charges are at the surface of the lens, they are polymerized, and consequently forced to stay at the surface.24
The water in tears is then attracted to this polar surface of the lens.
Problems Caused by Contact Lens Use
The biocompatibility of contact lenses is at the forefront of scientific and engineering research.This is in partly due to the push for an extended wear lens, and also due to health disorders that arise from contact lens use.While many advances have been made in the biocompatibility, and physical properties of lenses, significant problems still exist.Possible contact lens disorders are listed in table.These disorders must be taken into account when comparing contact lenses to eye glasses or laser correction surgery.While taking out and removing contacts on a daily or weekly basis can be stressful, the eye can typically heal from contact lens disorders.This should be compared to laser surgery where a mistake can be fatally hazardous to the eye.The debate between contacts and laser surgery will increase in the future as laser surgery becomes more successful and contact lens manufacturers develop cheaper, 30 day extended wear lenses that have little risk of infection.

Table 4:Some Common Contact lens Disorders14,22

Conclusion
All contact lenses consist of amorphous, three-dimensional, polymer matrixes.Hard contacts consist of polymers that are below their glass transition temperature, and typically contain little or no water.Soft contact lenses consist of polymers that are above their glass transition temperature, and typically have a relatively high water content.
Hard Contact lenses have increased their permeability by thinning the lens, and doping MMA with TRIS and/or fluorine based monomers.Soft contact lenses have sought to increase their permeability in different ways.Hydrogel lenses has sought to increase water content, while siloxane hydrogels have tried to find ways of decreasing their water content.Some examples of the
Contact lens science has increased rapidly in the 20th century.While significant progress has been made, the most challenging aspect await to be solved in the 21st century.As we begin the new millennium polymer scientist are working in collaboration with biologist, chemist, and medical doctors to produce the extended wear lens.This lens will be able to be used for up to thirty days without removal, and be almost completely resistive to biofilm deposition.
References
1. Salvatori, P.L. The story of contact lenses.Obrig Laboratories: New York,
1960.pg. 19-24.
2. Kunzler, J.F. McGee, J.A. Contact Lens Materials Chemistry in Britian
3. Heitz, R.F. ‘Contact Lenses’. (2nd Edition, Volume 1) Dabazies, O.H. Little
Brown and Company, 1989.1.1-1.9.
4. Lubick, N. ‘The Hard and the Soft.’ Scientific American. 10/2000
http://www.sciam.com/2000/1000issue/working.html
5. Hamano, H., Kaufman, H.E. The Physiology of the Cornea and Contact Lens
Applications.Churchill Livingstone: New York, 1987.Pages 69-74.
6. Larke, J. The Eye in Contact Lens Wear.Butterworths:Toronto, 1985. Page 24-27, 40-47.
7 Friends, G., Kunzler, J., Ozark, R., J. Biomedical Materials Research, 1992, 26, 59-67
8 ‘Biomedical Materials’.Juniper, R., Read, P.London: Elsevier, Novermber 1994,2
9.Holden, B., Mertz, G. McNally, J., Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 1983, 24, 218-22
10. Holden, B., Mertz, G., ibid, 1984, 25, 1161-7
11.Schoessler, J., International Contact Lens Clinic, 1983, 10, 148-51
12. Sarver, M., Baggett, D., harris, M. Louie, K., Am. J. Optom. & Physiol. Optics, 1981, 58, 386-
92
13.White, P., Contact Lens Spectrum, February 1990, 46-63
14.Rao, J.B., Saini, J.S. “Complications of Contant Lenses.” Contact Lenses.
Aquavella, J. V., Rao, G. N.Lippincott Company. Philidelphia, 1987.pg. 48, 49, 71, 76-
77,195-225.
15. Singh, J. J., et. Al. “An Investigation of Microstructural Characteristics of Contact-Lens
Polymers” NASA Technical Paper, 3034. December 1990.
16. Paul, D. R. “Gas Sorption and Transport in Glassy Polymers.” Ber. Bunsenges.Phys. Chem.,
vol. 83, no. 4, 1979, Pages 294-302.
17. Petropoulos, J. H. “Qualitative Analysis of Gaseous Diffusion in Glassy Polymers.”J.
Polymer Sci.: Pt A-2, vol. 8, no. 10. October, 1970. Pages 1797-1801.
18. Lai, Y., Wilson, A., Zantos, S., ‘Contact lenses’ in ‘Kirk-Othmer encylopedia of chemical
technology’, Volume 7, John Wiley, 1993, 191-213.
19. Ammon, D. M., Castner, D. G., Ratner, B.D.“In-Situ Surface Modifications ofContact
LensPolymers.”Surface modifications of Polymeric Biomaterials.
Grobe, G. L., McGee, J. A., Valint, P. L.Plenum Press. New York, 1997.pg. 21-26.
20. Mueller, K.F., Kleiner, E.K., US Patent No. 4740553, 1998
21. Holly, F. J.,Refojo, M. F. “Water Wetability of Hydrogels” Hydrogels for
Medical and Related Applications.Andrade, J. D.American Chemical
Society.1976pg 252-256.
22. Slatt B. J., Stein, H.A., Stein, R.M. Fitting Guide For Rigid and Soft Contact
Lenses.A Pratical Approach (3rd edition).C. V. Mosby Company, Toronto1990. pg. xvii-
xxiv, 477-488
23.Bennett E. S.“Material Selection.” Clinical Manual of Contact Lenses.
Bennett, E. S.,Henry V. A.J. B. Lippincott Company Philidelphia,1994. pg.
27-40, 143-170, 197-217.
24. Friends. G. D., Lai, Y.C. “Surface Wettability Enhancement of Silicone Hydrogel Lenses by
Processing with Polar Plastic Molds.”J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 35, 349-356, 1997.
25. Kunzler, J., Ozark, R. “Methacrylate-Capped Fluoro Side Chain Siloxanes:Synthesis,
Characterization, and Their Use in the Design of Oxygen-Permeable Hydrogels.”J Appl
Polym Sci. 65: 1081-1089, 1997.
OPHTHALMOLOGY EBOOKS Vol.1

Ophthalmology Seri A-Q (e-books, Journal and Video)

Contact Lens Manual Volume 1



OPHTHALl ebooks Title 2015
1. Atlas of Oculplastic and Orbital Surgery (PDF, Color)
2. Essential Clinical Procedures, Third Edition (PDF, Color)
3. Basic Sciences for Ophthalmology, Oxford Speciality Training, (PDF, Color)
4. Handbook of Pediactric Strabismus and Amblyopia (PDF)
5. Management of Complication in Refractive Surgery (PDF, Color)
6. Atlas of Glaucoma, Second Edition (PDF, Color)
7. Comprehensive Ophthalmology, 4th Edition (PDF, Color)
8. ocular Surface Anatomy and Physiology, Disorders and Therapeutics (PDF)
9. Oxford Handbook of Ophthalmology, 3rd Edition (PDF, Color)
10. Oxford American Handbook of Ophthalmology (PDF, Color)
11. Color Atlas of Strabismus Surgery, Strategies, and Techniques, 4th Edition (PDF, Color)
12. Sure Success in Ophthalmology Viva Voce & Practical Examination (PDF)
13. Ocular Pathology Expert Consult, 7th Edition (PDF, Color)
14. The Wills Eye Manual Office and Emergency Room Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Disease, 6th Edition (PDF, Color)
15. Ophthalmic Drug Delivery (Inaugural Issue) (PDF, Color)
16. Vaughan & Asbury's General Ophthalmology, 17th Edition (HTML/CHM, Color)
17. Review Questions in Ophthalmology (PDB)



OPHTHAL Title Seri A:
1. Glaucoma, Science and Practice (PDF, Color)
2. common Neuro-Ophthalmic Pitfalls, Case-based teaching (PDF, Color)
3. Primary Retinal Detachment, Options for Repair (PDF, color)
4. Angle Closure Glaucoma (PDF)
5. Essentilas of Diagnosis & Treatment (PDF)
6. Manual of Office based Anesthesia Procedure (HTML)
7. The Anterior Eye and Therapeutics Diagnosis and Managementc(PDF)
8. Effect on Vision Quality (PDF)


OPHTHAL Title Seri B:
1. Angiography and Plaques Imaging, Advanced Segmentation Techniques (PDF)
2. Assessing and Treating Glaucoma in Children of the Developing World, (PDF, Color)
3. Moorfields Manual of Ophthalmology (PDF, Color)
4. Glaucoma Identification and Co-Management (PDF, Color)
5. Minimizing Incisions and Maximizing Outcomes in Cataract Surgery (PDF, Color)
6. Strabismus A Decision Making Approach , (PDF)
7. Antigen Presenting Cells and the Eye (PDF)
8. The Professional Qualifying Examinations, A Survival Huide for Optometrists (PDF)
9. The Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Illustrated Manual of Ophthalmology, 3rd Edition (CHM, Color)
10. Review Questions in Ophthalmology, Question and Answer (PDB)


OPHTHAL Title Seri C:
1. Duplicity Theory of Vision, From Newton to the Present (PDF)
2. Rapid Diagnosis in Ophthalmology, Lens and Glaucoma, Mosby (PDF, Color)
3. Low Vision Manual (PDF, Color)
4. Pearls of Glaucoma Management, (PDF, Color)
5. Retina Angigraphy and Optical Coherence Tomography (PDF, Color)
6. Ocuplastics and Orbit, Aesthetic and Functional Oculofacial Plastic Problem Solving in the 21st Century (PDF, Color)
7. Ophthalmologic Drug Guide (PDF)
8. Practical Binocular Vision Assessment (PDF)
9. The Pediatric Glaucomas (PDF, Color)
10. Smolin and Thoft's The Cornea Scientific Foundations and Clinical Practice (PDB)

OPHTHAL Title Seri D:
1. 29th European Strabismological Association Meeting (PDF)
2. Atlas of Aesthetic Eyelid and Periocular Surgery (PDF, Color)
3. Common Neuro-ophthalmic Pitfalls, Case-based teaching (PDF, Color)
4. A Practical Manual of Diabetic Retinopathy Management (PDF)
5. Manual of Office-Based Anesthesia Procedures (CHM)
6. Rapid Diagnosis in Ophthalmology Pediatric (PDF, Color)
7. Retinal Detachment (PDF, Color)
8. Update on General Medicine 2007-2008
9. Surgical Anatomy Around the Orbiut (CHM, Color)


OPHTHAL Title Seri E:
1. Retina and Vitreous, AAo (2007-2008), (PDF, Color)
2. color Atlas of Strabismus Surgery, Strategies and Techniques (PDF, Color)
3. Atlas of Glaucoma, Second Edition (PDF, Color)
4. clinical Anatomy of The Visual System (PDF, Color)
5. Asian Blepharoplasthy the Eyelid Crease (PDF, Color)
6. vertigo and Dizziness Common Complaints (PDF, Color)
7. Corneal Transplantation (PDF, Color)
8. Clinical Ocular Toxicology (PDF, Color)
9. Endophtalmitis Diagnosis and Treatment (HTML)
10. Assessment & Investigative Technique (PDF, Color)
11. Herpes Simples Virus Epithelial Keratitis, In Vivo Morphology in the Human Cornea (PDF, Color)
12. Macular Degeneration (PDF, Color)
13. Laser in Ophthalmology, Basic, Diagnostic and Surgical Aspects a Review (PDF, Color)
14. Handbook Pediatric Retinal Disease (PDF, Color)
15. Notes on veterinary Ophthalmology (PDF, Color)
16. Evidence based Approach in Cataract Surgery (PDF)
17. Rapid Diagnosis in Ophthalmology Oculoplastic and Reconstructive Surgery (PDF, Color)
18. The Mind's eye Cognitive and Applied Aspects of Eye Movement Research (PDF)
19. Optics, Retinoscopy and Refractometry (PDF)
20. Retinal Detachment, Principles and Practice, Third Edition (PDF, Color)
21. The Contact Lens Manual, A Practical Guide to Fitting (PDF, Color)

OPHTHAL Title Seri F:
1. Ocular Surface Disease, Medical and Surgical Management (PDF)
2. clinical Procedure in Primary Eyecare, Third Edition, (PDF, Color)
3. Pathobiology of Ocular Disease, Third Edition (TWO-Volume Set), (PDF)
4. Essentials of Chinese Medicine (PDF)
5. Diagnosis and Therapy of The Glaucomas (PDF, COLOR)
6. Investigative Techniques and Ocular Examination (PDF, Color)
7. Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2010, (49th edition) (CHM, Color)
8. Duane Ophthalmology 2009 (PDB)
9. Manual of Office Base Anesthesia Procedures (CHM)
10. Pediatric Cataract Surgery, Techniques, Complications, and Management, (CHM, Color)
11. The Eye in Clinical Practice (PDF, Color)
12. Fundamentals of Veterinary Ophthalmology, Fourth Edition, (PDF, Color)
13. Phacoemulsification, Third Edition, 2 Volume , (PDF, Color)
14. Ocular Pharmacology & Therapeutics, A Primary Care Guide, (PDF, Color)
15. Phaco Manual, Clinical Practice in Small Incision Cataract Surgery (PDF)
16. Refractive Surgery, A Guide to Assessment and Management, (PDF, Color)

OPHTHAL Title Seri G:
1. ANGIOGRAPHY and PLAQUE IMAGING Advanced Segmentation Techniques (PDF_
2. Low Vision Manual (PDF, Color)
3. Antigen - Presenting Cells and the Eye (PDF)
4. Glaucoma Identification and Co-Management (PDF, Color)
5. Duplicity Theory of Vision (PDF)
6. Assessing and Treating Glaucoma in Children of the Developing World (PDF, Color)
7. Minimizing Incisions and Maximizing Outcomes in Cataract Surgery (PDF, Color)
8. Ophthalmologic Drug Guide (PDF)
9. Practical Binocular Vision Assessment (PDF)
10. Moorfields Manual of Ophthalmology (PDF, Color)
11. The Pediatric Glaucomas (PDF, Color)
12. Retinal Angiography and Optical Coherence Tomography (PDF Color)
13. Oculoplastics and Orbit, Aesthetic and Fungctional Oculofacial Plastic (PDF, Color)
14. Rapid Diagnosis in Ophthalmology Lens and Glaucoma (PDF, Color)
15. Review question in Ophthalmology (PUB)
16. The Professional Qualifying Examinations (PDF)
17. Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Review Manual for Ophthalmology (CHM)
18. Pediatric Glaucoma (PDF, Color)
17. Strabismus A Decision Making Approach (PDF)

OPHTHAL Title Seri H:
1. Basic Ophthalmology, 8th edition, (DJVU)
2. Complications in Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, (PDF, Color)
3. Applied Pathology for Ophthalmic Microsurgeons, (PDF, Color)
4. Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America, Ophthalmic Emergencies, 2008, (PDF, Color)
5. Bimanual Phaco, Mastering Phakonit / MICS Technique (PDF, Color)
6. An Evidence Base for Ophthalmic Nursing Practice (PDF)
7. Clinical Skills for the Ophthalmic Examination, Basic Procedures, Second Edition, (PDF)
8. Color Atlas of Strabismus Surgery, Strategi and Techniques (PDF, Color)
9. Clinical Ophthalmic Echography, (PDF, Color)
10. Electrodiagnosis of Retinal Diseases (PDF, Color)
11. Comprehensive Ophthalmology, Fourth Edition, (PDF, Color)
12. Drug in Ophthalmology (PDF)
13. Dry Eye and Ocular Surface Disorders, (PDF, Color)
14. Contact Lenses in Ophthalmic Practice (PDF)
15. Diagnostic Atlas of Common Eyelid Diseases (PDF, Color)
16. Diagnosis and Management of Ocular Motility Disorders, (PDF)
17. Cornea and External Eye Disease, Essentials in Ophthalmology, (PDF, Color)
18. Claucoma Medical Therapy, Principles and Management, (PDF, Color)
19. Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America, Ophthalmologic Emergencies, vol.26 Issues 1
20. Medical Retina, Essentials in Ophthalmology, (PDF, Color)
21. Eye, Retina, and Visual System of the Mouse , (PDF)
22. Field of Visinon, A Manual and Atlas of Perimetry, (PDF)
23. Evidence based Approach in Cataract Surgery, (PDF,
24. Cornea and External Eye Disease, Essentials in Ophthalmology (PDF, Color)
25. Pathbiology of Ocular Disease (PDF)
26. Glaucoma, An Open Window to Neurodegeneration and Neuroprotection (PDF)
27. Lasik, Fundamentals, Surgical Techniques, and Complications (PDF, Color)
28. Infectious Diseases, A Clincial Short Course . Second Edition (PDF)
29. Handbook of Retinal Screening in Diabetes (PDF, Color)
30. Imaging of Orbital & Visual Pathway (PDF, Color)
31. Handbook of Pediatric Eye and Systemic Disease (PDF, Color)
32. Hyperopia and Presbyopia (PDF, Color)
33. Immune Response and The Eye, 2nd, revises edition (PDF, Color)
34. Handbook of Nutrition and Ophthalmology (PDF)
35. Manual of Ocular Diagnosis & Therapy, 5th edition, (CHM)
36. Management of Complications in Refractive Surgery (PDF, Color)
37. Manual of Eye Emergencies Diagnosis and Management (PDF, Color)
38. Ocular Allergy, An Issue of Immunology and Allergic Clinics (PDF, Color)
39. Ocular Neuroprotection (PDF)
40. Nervous Control of The Eye (PDF)
41. Ocular Blood Flow and Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy (PDF, Color)
42. Neurology Case Studies, An Issue of Neurologic Clinics (PDF, Color)
43. Ophthalmic Drug Facts 2007 (PDB)
44. Ocular Oncology, (PDF)
45. Ocular Angiogenesis, Diseases, Mechanisms, and Therapeutics (PDF, Color)
46. Ocular Tumors in Animals and Human (PDF)
47. Ocular Trauma, Principles and Practice (PDF, Color)
48. Ocular Traumatology (PDF, Color)
49. Ocuplastics and Orbit, Essentials in Ophthalmology (PDF, Color)
50. Ocular Surface Disease, Medical and Surgical Management (PDF)
51. Ocular Therapeutics, Eye on New Discoveries (PDF, Color)
52. Ocular Transporters in Ophthalmic Diseases and Drug Delivery (PDF)
53. Orbital Disease, Present Status and Future Challenges (PDF)
54. Optical Coherence Tomography of Ocular Disease, (PDF, Color)
55. Ophthalmology A Short Textbook (PDF, Color)
56. Ophthalmic Microsurgical Suturing Techniques (PDF, Color)
57. Ophthalmic Medications and Pharmacology (PDF)
58. Ophthalmologic Ultrasound, An Issue of Ultrasound Clinics (PDF, Color)
59. Ophthalmic Medications and Pharmacology (PDF)
60. Ophthalmic Pathology An Illustrated Guide for Clinicians (PDF, Color)
61. Ophthalmic Nursing (PDF)
62. The Lasik Handbook, A Case Based Approach, 1 st Edition (CHM, Color)
63. General Ophthalmology, Vaughan & Asbury's (CHM, Color)
64. stereoatlas of Ophthalmic Pathology, Anatomy and Pathology Peripheral Fundus (Fundus Extremus) , (PDF, Color)
65. Orbital Tumors Diagnosis and Treatment (PDF, Color)
66. Retinal and Choroidal Angiogenesis (PDF)
67. Retinal Developlment, (PDF)
68. Retinal Degenerations, Biology, Diagnostics, and Therapeitics (PDF)
69. Retinal Vascular Disease (PDF, Color)



OPHTHAL Title Seri I:
1. Ocular Trauma Principles and Practice (PDF, Color)
2. The Art and the Science of Cataract Surgery (PDF, Color)
3. Master's Guide to Manual Small Incision Cataract Surggery (MSICS), (PDF, Color)
4. Clinical Diagnosis in Ophthalmology (PDF, Color)
5. Irregular Astigmatism (CHM)
6. Essentials of Cataract Surgery (HTML, Color)
7. Fundus Fluorescein and Indocyanine Green Angiography (CHM)
8. Atlas of Clinical and Surgical Orbital Anatomy (CHM, use next arrow to scroll next page), HTML)
9. Atlas of Uveitis and Scleritis (PDF, Color)
10. Chemical Ocular Burns (PDF, Color)
11. Basic Sciences in Ophthalmology (PDF, Color)
12. Basic Sciences in Ophthalmology, Self Assessment Text (PDF)
13. Essentials of Neuro Ophthalmology (PDF, Color)
14. Manual of Eye Emergencies Diagnosis and Management, (PDF, Color)
15. Electrophysiologic Testing in Disorders of the Retina, Optic Nerve, and Visual Pathway (second edition), (PDF,Color)
16. Digitnal Teleretinal Screening Teleophthalmology in Practice, (PDF, Color)
17. Corneal Surgery, Theory, Technique and Tissue (Fourth Edition), (PDF, Color)
18. Pediatric Oncology, Retinoblastome (PDF, Color)
19. Novel Drug Delivery Approaches in Dry Eye Syndrome Therapy, (PDF)
20. Ophthalmology in Focus (PDF, Color)
21. Manual Practical Cataract Surgery (PDF)
22. Manual for Eye Examniation and Diagnosis, (PDF, Color)
23. The Pediatric Glaucomas (PDF, Color)
24. Orbital Tumors, (PDF, Color)
25. Manual of Squint (PDF, Color)
26. Step by Step Squint Surgery, (PDF, Color)
27. The Retina and its Disorders, (PDF, Color)
28. Training in Ophthalmology, The Essential Clinical Curriculum, (PDf, Color)
29. Retinoblastoma an Update on Clinical, Genetic Counseling, Epidemiology and Molecular Tumor Biology, (PDF,Color)
30. Strabismus Surgery and its Complications (PDf, Color)
31. Textbook of Refractive Lase Assietd Cataract Surgery (ReLACS), (PDF, Color)
32. Color Atlas & Synopsis of Clinical Ophthalmology, Retina, Second Edition, (CHM, Color)

OPHTHAL Title Seri J:
Basic and Clinical Science Course section 1-13 (2011-2012)
1. Basic and Clinical Science Course section 1 Update General Medicine (2011-2012), American Academy of Ophthalmology (PDF, Color)
2. Basic and Clinical Science Course section 2 Fundamentasl and Principles of Ophthalmology (2011-2012), American Academy of Ophthalmology (PDF, Color)
3. Basic and Clinical Science Course section 3 Cliniacl Optics (2011-2012), American Academy of Ophthalmology (PDF, Color)
4. Basic and Clinical Science Course section 4 Ophthalmic Pathology and Intraocular Tumors (2011-2012), American Academy of Ophthalmology (PDF, Color)
5. Basic and Clinical Science Course section 5 Neuro Ophthalmology (2011-2012), American Academy of Ophthalmology (PDF, Color)
6. Basic and Clinical Science Course section 6 Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (2011-2012), American Academy of Ophthalmology (PDF, Color)
7. Basic and Clinical Science Course section 7 Orbit, Eyelids, and Lacrimal System (2011-2012), American Academy of Ophthalmology (PDF, Color)
8. Basic and Clinical Science Course section 8 External Disease and Cornea (2011-2012), American Academy of Ophthalmology (PDF, Color)
9. Basic and Clinical Science Course section 9 Intraocular Inflammation and Uveitis (2011-2012), American Academy of Ophthalmology (PDF, Color)
10. Basic and Clinical Science Course section 10 Glaucoma (2011-2012), American Academy of Ophthalmology (PDF, Color)
11. Basic and Clinical Science Course section 11 Lens and Cataract (2011-2012), American Academy of Ophthalmology (PDF, Color)
12. Basic and Clinical Science Course section 12 Retina and Vitreous (2011-2012), American Academy of Ophthalmology (PDF, Color)
13. Basic and Clinical Science Course section 13 Refractive Surgery (2011-2012), American Academy of Ophthalmology (PDF, Color)
14. Clinical Anatomy and Physiology of the Visual System, Third Edition (PDF, Color)
15. Diabetic Retinopathy (PDF, Color)
16. Glaucoma - Basic and Clinical Concepts (PDF, Color)
17. Netter's Neurology, Second Edition (PDF, Color)
18. Surgical Atlat of Orbital Diseases (PDF, Color)
Ophthalmology Clinics of North America, Vol.15-19
19. Ophthalmology Clinics of North America, Vol.15 Issues 1, Mechanisms of Ocular Disease (PDF)
20. Ophthalmology Clinics of North America, Vol.15 Issues 2, Mechanical Ophthalmic Injuries (PDF)
21. Ophthalmology Clinics of North America, Vol.15 Issues 3, Uveitis (PDF)
22. Ophthalmology Clinics of North America, Vol.15 Issues 4, Macular Disease (PDF)
23. Ophthalmology Clinics of North America, Vol.16 Issues 1, Cornea and External Disease (PDF)
24. Ophthalmology Clinics of North America, Vol.16 Issues 2, Assessing Visual Function in Clinical Practice (PDF)
25. Ophthalmology Clinics of North America, Vol.16 Issues 3, Contact Lenses (PDF)
26. Ophthalmology Clinics of North America, Vol.16 Issues 4, Ophthalmic Genetics (PDF)
27. Ophthalmology Clinics of North America, Vol.17 Issues 1, Imaging (PDF)
28. Ophthalmology Clinics of North America, Vol.17 Issues 2, Wafefront Technology (PDF)
29. Ophthalmology Clinics of North America, Vol.17 Issues 3, Neuro Ophthalmology Manifestations of Systemic Disease (PDF)
30. Ophthalmology Clinics of North America, Vol.17 Issues 4, Anterior Segment Complication of Posterior Segment Surgery (PDF)
31. Ophthalmology Clinics of North America, Vol.18 Issues 1, Ophthalmic Oncology (PDF)
32. Ophthalmology Clinics of North America, Vol.18 Issues 2, Oculofacial Rejuvenation (PDF)
33. Ophthalmology Clinics of North America, Vol.18 Issues 3, Glaucoma (PDF)
34. Ophthalmology Clinics of North America, Vol.18 Issues 4, New Developments in Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics (PDF)
35. Ophthalmology Clinics of North America, Vol.19 Issues 1, Accomodation and Presbyopic Correction Options (PDF)
36. Ophthalmology Clinics of North America, Vol.19 Issues 2, Ocular Anesthesia (PDF)
37. Ophthalmology Clinics of North America, Vol.19 Issues 3, Ocular Angiogenesis (PDF)
38. Ophthalmology Clinics of North America, Vol.19 Issues 4, Cataract Surgery in The New Millenium (PDF)



OPHTHAL Title Seri K:
1. Considerations in Contact Lens Use Under Adverse Conditions Proceedings of a Symposium (HTML)
2. Impurities Evaluation of Pharmaceuticals (HTML)
3. Natural Eye Care An Encyclopedia (HTML)
4. The Eye Book A Complete Guide to Eye Disorders and Health (A Johns Hopkins Press Health Book) (HTML)
5. The Treatment of Disease in Tcm Diseases of the Eyes, Ears, Nose and (HTML)
6. At The Crossings : Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (PDF, Color)
7. Antigen Presenting Cells and the Eye (PDF)
8. Autoimmune Diseases of the skin (PDF, Color)
9. A Textbook of clinical Ophthalmology (PDF, color)
10. Data Monitoring Commitees in Clinical Trials, A Practical Perspective (PDF)
11. British Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.93 April 2009 (PDF, Color)
12. Comprehensive Ophthalmology, 4th Edition (PDF, Color)
13. Differential Diagnosis in Neurology and Neurosurgery (PDF)
14. Diagnosis Atlas of Veterinary Ophthalmology (PDf, Color)
15. Critical Care Medicine (PDF)
16. Contact Lenses in Ophthalmic Practice (PDF)
17. Manual if Common Nedside Surgical Procedures (PDB)
18. Medical Retina, Essential in Ophthalmology (PDF, Color)
19. Fluorescence Angiography in Ophthalmology (PDF, Color)
20. Drug Eruption Manual Including Drug Interaction (PDF)
21. Glaucoma Essentials in Ophthalmology (PDF, Color)
22. Neurologics Clinic (PDF, Color)
23. Pediatric Ophthalmology, Neuro Ophthalmology, Genetics, Essentials in Ophthalmology (PDF, Color)
24. Glaucoma Progress III, Essentials in Ophthalmology (PDF, Color)
25. Textbook of Clinical Trials, Second edition (PDF)
26. Eye on the Bayou, New Concepts in Glaucome, Cataract and Neuro Ophthalmology (PDF, Color)
27. Visual Transduction and Non Visual Light Perception (PDF)
28. Sensory Neuroscience : Four Laws Psychiphysics (PDF)
29. Ocular Infection, Second edition (PDF, Color)
30. Pediatric Ophthalmology (PDF, Color)
31. Perfect Eye (PDF, Color)
32. Pediatric Ophthalmology (PDF)
33. Primary Intraocular Lymphoma (PDF)

Precision 1 Contact Lens


OPHTHAL Title Seri L:
1. Aravind's Atlas of Fungal Corneal Ulcers, Clinical Features & Laboratory Identification Methods, (PDF, COlor)
2. A Visual Field Evaluation with Automated Devices, (PDF)
3. Basic Sciences in Ophthalmology, Jaypee ,(PDF, Color)
4. Basic Sciences in ophthalmology, Physics and Chemistry, Springer ( PDF, Color)
5. Clinical Glaucoma Care, The Essentials (PDF, Color)
7. Clinical Ophthalmic Oncology, Retinal Tumors, 2nd Edition (PDF, Color)
8. Basic Ophthalmology, Fourth Edition (PDF, Color)
9. clinical Ophthalmic Oncology, Eyelid Conjunctival Tumors, Second Edition (PDF, Color)
10. Aestgetic Oculofacial Rejuvenation, (PDF, Color)
11. Clinical Orthoptics, Third Edition (PDF)
12. Corneal Surgery, Theory, Technique and Tissue, 4th Edition (PDF, Color)
13. Copeland and Afshari's, Principles and Practice of Cornea, Vol.1 (PDF, Color)
14. Contact Lens Complications Expert Consult, 3rd Edition (PDF, Color)
15. Cornea Atlas, Second Edition (PDF, Color)
16. Color Atlas of Ocuplastic and Orbital Disorders (PDF, Color)
17. Corneal Disease, Recent Developments in Diagnosis and Therapy (PDF, Color)
18. Corneal Topography in Clinical Practice (PDF, Color)
19. Clinical Procedures in Primary Eye Care, Expert consult (PDF, Color)
20. Corneal Topography Jaypee (PDF, Color)
21. Electrophysiologic Testing in Disorders of the Retina, Optics Nerve, and Visual Pathway (PDF, Color)
22. Diagnosis & Treatment of Uveitis, Second Edition (PDF, Color)
23. Epidemiology of Ocular Tumors in Children and Adults, (PDF, Color)
24. Digital Teleretinal Screening Teleophthalmology in Practice, (PDF, Color)
25. Essentials Principles of Phacoemulsification (PDF, Color)
26. Digital Image Processing for Ophthalmology Detection of the Optic Nerve Head (PDF, Color)
27. Dr. Hoyo's, Step by Step Astigmatic Ablation (PDF, Color)
28. Diagnosis and Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy (PDF, Color)
29. Essentials of Neuro Ophthalmology (PDF, Color)
30. Glaucoma Medical Diagnosis & Therapy, Vol.1 (PDF, Color)
31. Glued IOL, (PDF, Color)
32. Intravitreal Injections (PDF, Color)
33. Jaypee Gold Standard Mini Atlas Series Lasik (PDF, Color)
34. Gonioscopy (PDF, Color)
35. Funduscopy Made Easy (PDF, Color)
36. Glaucoma Medical Diagnosis & Therapy, Vol.2 Surgical Management (PDF, Color)
37. Glaucoma Medical Diagnosis & Therapy, Vol.1 Medical Diagnosis & Therapy (PDF, Color)
38. Macular Surgery (HTML/CHM, Color)
39. Keratoconus Surgery and Cross linking (PDF, Color)
40. Keratopathy in Vico Morphology in the Human Cornea and Conjunctiva (PDF, Color)
41. Mastering the Techniques of Intracoluar Lens Power calculations, (PDF, Color
42. Management of Complications in Ophthalmic Surgery (PDF, Color)
43. Management of Strabismus and Amblyopia, 2n Edition (PDF)
44. Elevation Based Corneal Tomography, Second Edition, (PDF, Color)
45. Mastering Phaco Chop Techniques (PDF, Color)
46. Medical Retina (PDF, Color)
47. Neuro Ophthalmology (PDF)
48. Mastery of Holocomb Crosslinking for Keratoconus and Other Disorders (PDF, Color)
49. Ready Reckoner of Modern Refractive Surgery (PDF, Color)
50. Minimally Inasive Vitreous Surgery (PDf, Color)
51. Mastering the Thecniques of Lens Based (PDF, Color)
52. Master's Guide to Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery (PDF, Color)
53. Mastering Corneal Collagen Cross Link (PDF, Color)
54. Novel Drug Delivery Approaches in Dry Eye Syndrome Therapy (PDF)
55. Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Basic and Clinical Science Course, AAO (PDF, Color)
56. Ocular Surface Disease, Cornea, Conjunctive, and Tear Film (PDF, Color)
57. Ophthalmic Ultrasound, A Diagnostic Atlas (PDF)
58. Ophthalmology, 4th Edition (PDF, Color)
59. Ophthalmology at A Glacne, Second Edition (PDF, Color)
60. Ocular and Adnexal Lymphoma (PDF, Color)
61. Ocular Pathology, 6th Edition (PDF, Color)
62. Pediatric Clinical Ophthalmology, a Color Handbook (PDF, Color)
63. Progression of Glaucoma (PDF)
64. Retinal and Choroidal Manifestations of Selected Systemic Disease (PDF, Color)
65. Retina, Vol 1-3, Elsevier, Fifth Edition (PDF, Color)
66. Simplified Phacoemulsification (PDF, Color)
67. Ptosis Surgery (PDF, Color)
68. Review of Ophthalmology (PDF, Color)
69. Refraction, Dispensing Optics and Ophthalmic Procedures (PDF, Color)
70. Ophthalmic Surgery : Principles and Practice, 4th edition, (HTML/CHM, Color)
71. The Sclera (PDF, Color)
72. The Massachusetts, eye and Ear Infirmary Illustrated Manual of Ophthalmology, 4th Edition (PDF, Color)
73. Sure Success in Ophthamlology Viva Vove & Practical Examination (PDF)
74. Training in Ophthalmology, The Essential Clinical Curriculum (PDF, Color)
75. Textbook of Laser Refractive Cataract Surgery (PDF, Color)
76. Visual Development, Third Edition (PDF, Color)
77. Step by Step Phaco Tips and Tricks, (PDF, Color)
78. The Retinal Atlas, Yanuzzi (PDF, Color)
79. Surgical Anatomy of The ocular Adnexa, (PDF, Color)
80. Step by Step Squint Surgery (PDF, Color)
81. Wills Eye Manual, Office and Emergency Room Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Disease, 6th Edition (HTML/CHM, Color)
82. Wills Eye, Color Atlas & Synopsis of Clinical Ophthalmology, Glaucoma, Second edition (HTML/CHM, Color)




OPHTHAL Title Seri M:
1. Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility (PDF)
2. Advances in Ophthalmology (PDF)
3. Basic Sciences in Ophthalmology (PDF, Color)
4. Clinical Neuro Ophthalmology (PDF, Color)
5. Manual of Neuro Ophthalmology (PDF, Color)
6. Atlas of Oculloplastics and ORbital Surgery (PDF, Color)
7. Color Atlas of Strabismus Surgery (PDF, Color)
8. Clinical Anatomy of the Eye (PDF)
9. Neuro Ophthalmic Pitfalls (PDf, Color)
10. Controversies in Neuro Ophthalmology (PDF)
11. Handbook of Pediatric Neuro Ophthalmology (PDF, Color)
12. Eye on The Bayou (PDF, Color)
13. Dural Cavernous Sinus Fistulas (PDF, Color)
14. Emergencies in Neuro Ophthalmology (PDF, Color)
15. Encyclopedia of the Eye (PDF, Color)
16. Paralytic Strabismus : Third, Fourth, and Sicth Nerve Palsy (PDF, Color)
17. Head Injury (PDF)
18. Cranial Nerves Functional Anatomy (PDF)
19. Nervous Control of the Eye (PDF)
20. Atlas of Neurianatomy and Neurophysiology (PDF, Color)
21. Models of Horizontal Eye Movements (PDF, Color)
22. Oculomotor Systems and Perception (PDF)
23. Neuronal Control of Eye Movements (PDF)
24. Neuroanatomy Atlas of Structures Section System (PDF)
25. Neuro Ophthalmology Diagnosis and Management (PDF, Color)
26. Ocular Neuroprotection (PDF)
27. Neuro Ophthalmology (PDf, Color)
28. Pediatric Ophthalmology Genetics (PDf, Color)
29. Rapid Diagnosis in Ophthalmology Neuro Ophthalmology (PDF, Color)
30. Step by Step Squint Surgery (PDF, Color)
31. Orbital Tumors (PDF)
32. Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (PDF, Color)
33. Pediatric Neuro Ophthalmology (PDF)
34. Optic Nerve Disorders and Management (PDF)
35. Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (PDF, Color)
36. The Making of Neuro Morphic Visual System (PDF)
37. Surgical Atlas of Orbital Diseases (PDF, Color)
38. The Neurology of Eye Movements (PDF)
39. The Handbook of Neuroprotection (PDF)
40.The Visual Neurosciences (PDF)
41. Strabismus Surgery and its Complications (PDF, Color)
42. Visual Agnosia (PDF)


OPHTHAL Title Seri N:
1. Vitamin A Everything You Need to Know (HTML)
2. Amblyopia A Multidiscilinary Approach, (PDF)
3. Handbook of Vitamins (Clinical Nutrition in Health and Disease), 4th Edition (PDF)
4. Immunology of Behcet's Disease, (PDF)
5. Experimental Approaches to Diabetics Retinopathy, (PDF)
6. Hereditary Tumors from Genes to Clinical Consequences, (PDF)
7. Davis's Comprehensive Handbook of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests - with Nursing Implications (PDF, Color)
8. Infectious Disease in The Aging A Clinical Handbook, Second Edition (PDF)
9. Eye Essentials Diabetes and The Eye, (PDF, Color)
10. The Vitamin Sourcebook (PDF)
11. Techniques in Ophthalmology, Vol 7 2009, (PDF, Color)
12. The Glaucomas, Volume I, Pediatric Glaucomas (PDF, Color)
13. Neurology and General Medicin, Fourth Edition, Expert Consult (PDF)
14. Master Techniques in Cataract and Refractive Surgery (PDF, Color)
15. Neuroscience in Medicine, Third Edition, (PDF)
16. Modern Pharmaceutics, Fifth Edition, Volume 2 Application and Advances (Drug and the Pharmaceutical Sciences), (PDF)
17. Rapid Diagnoses in Ophthalmology Retina (PDF, Color)

Ophthalmology Journal / Article


Ophthalmology Video

Ophthalmology e-books title Vol.1 (All)
Contact Lens Manual Volume 1


Ophthalmology e-books Volume 1 (e-books seri A-Q, Journal, and Video), All in Flash Disk 16 Gigabyte.

Contact Lens Manual Volume 1 Pdf Free


Delivery using POS Indonesia, Tiki and JNE

Contact Lens Manual Volume 1 Pdf Free


IT doctor is online store for puchase order medical ebooks.
Another specialities will add soon.
For purchase order :
BBM : 550FA0DF
Whatsapp : 081219165128
Phone :+6281219165128
Email : [email protected]